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Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras is a democratic
republic in Central America. It was formerly known as Spanish Honduras to
differentiate it from British Honduras (now Belize).The country is
bordered to the west by
Guatemala,
to the southwest by
El Salvador,
to the southeast by
Nicaragua,
to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by
the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea.
Archaeologists have demonstrated that Honduras had a rich, multi-ethnic
prehistory. An important part of that prehistory was the Mayan presence around
the city of Copán in western Honduras, near the Guatemalan border. A major Mayan
city flourished during the classic period (150-900) in that area. It has many
carved inscriptions and stelae. The ancient kingdom, named Xukpi, existed
from the fifth century to the early ninth century, with antecedents going back
to at least the second century. The Mayan civilization began a marked decline in
the ninth century, but there is evidence of people still living in and around
the city until at least 1200.By the time the Spanish came to Honduras, the once
great city-state of Copán was overrun by the jungle, and the Lencas, not the
Mayans, were the main Amerindian people living in western Honduras.
On his fourth and the final voyage to the New World in 1502, Christopher
Columbus reached the Bay Islands on the coast of Honduras. Columbus landed near
the modern town of Trujillo, in the vicinity of the Guaimoreto Lagoon. After the
Spanish discovery, Honduras became part of Spain's vast empire in the New World
within the Kingdom of Guatemala. Trujillo and Gracias were the first
city-capitals. The Spanish ruled what would become Honduras for approximately
three centuries. During this period a clock which had been built by the Moors in
the twelfth Century was transferred to the Cathedral of Comayagua in 1636: it is
now the oldest functioning clock in the Americas.
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