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Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua (Spanish: República de
Nicaragua), is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in
Central America. The name 'Nicaragua' seems to have meant 'surrounded by water'
in an older, indigenous language that mixed with Spanish. This could be either
because of the two large freshwater lakes, Nicaragua and Managua, or because the
nation is bounded on the east and the west by oceans. Nicaragua is also the
least densely populated with a demographic similar in size to its smaller
neighbours. The country is bordered by
Honduras to the
north and by Costa
Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of the country, while
the Caribbean Sea lies to the east. Falling within the tropics, Nicaragua sits
11 degrees north of the Equator, in the Northern Hemisphere.
In 1502, Christopher Columbus was the first European known to have reached what
is now Nicaragua as he sailed south along the Central America isthmus. On his
fourth voyage Columbus sailed alongside and explored the Mosquito Coast on the
east of Nicaragua. The first attempt to conquer what is now known as Nicaragua
was by Gil González Dávila, whose Central American exploits began with his
arrival in Panama
in January 1520. González claimed to have converted some 30,000 indigenous
peoples and discovered a possible transisthmian water link. After exploring and
gathering gold in the fertile western valleys González was attacked by the
indigenous people, some of whom were commanded by Nicarao and an estimated 3,000
led by chief Diriangén. González later returned to Panama where governor
Pedrarias Dávila attempted to arrest him and confiscate his treasure, some
90,000 pesos of gold. This resulted in González fleeing to
Santo Domingo.
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